Efektivitas Program Aktivitas Fisik Berbasis Sekolah dan Rekreasi: Tinjauan Sistematis terhadap Outcome Kesehatan dan Akademik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53905/jiojurnal.v5i01.33Keywords:
aktivitas fisik, sekolah, rekreasi, kesehatan, prestasi akademik, fungsi kognitifAbstract
Aktivitas fisik berbasis sekolah dan rekreasi merupakan salah satu strategi penting dalam meningkatkan kesehatan dan prestasi akademik peserta didik. Penurunan tingkat aktivitas fisik pada anak dan remaja menjadi perhatian global karena berhubungan dengan meningkatnya risiko obesitas, rendahnya kebugaran jasmani, gangguan kesehatan mental, serta penurunan fungsi kognitif dan performa akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas program aktivitas fisik berbasis sekolah dan rekreasi terhadap outcome kesehatan dan akademik pada anak dan remaja melalui pendekatan literature review. Proses pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan SpringerLink dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2015–2025 menggunakan kata kunci terkait aktivitas fisik, kesehatan, dan prestasi akademik. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan sehingga diperoleh 15 artikel yang relevan untuk dianalisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa program aktivitas fisik berbasis sekolah dan rekreasi memberikan dampak positif terhadap kesehatan fisik, kesehatan psikologis, kebugaran jasmani, fungsi kognitif, konsentrasi belajar, serta prestasi akademik peserta didik. Aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan secara rutin dengan intensitas sedang hingga tinggi terbukti lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan outcome kesehatan dan akademik. Selain itu, integrasi aktivitas fisik ke dalam proses pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dan menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang lebih aktif dan sehat. Dengan demikian, program aktivitas fisik berbasis sekolah dan rekreasi dapat dijadikan sebagai strategi promotif dan preventif dalam meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan dan pendidikan peserta didik secara berkelanjutan.
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